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An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...

Let n-1=FR where F is the factored part of a number F=p_1^(a_1)...p_r^(a_r), (1) where (R,F)=1, and R<sqrt(n). Pocklington's theorem, also known as the Pocklington-Lehmer ...

A positive integer n is called a base-b Rhonda number if the product of the base-b digits of n is equal to b times the sum of n's prime factors. These numbers were named by ...

An Achilles number is a positive integer that is powerful (in the sense that each prime factor occurs with exponent greater than one) but imperfect (in the sense that the ...

Let p be an odd prime, a be a positive number such that pa (i.e., p does not divide a), and let x be one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., p-1. Then there is a unique x^', called ...

A natural number n>3 such that n|(a^(n-2)-a) whenever (a,n)=1 (a and n are relatively prime) and a<=n. (Here, n|m means that n divides m.) There are an infinite number of ...

For any two integers a and b, suppose d|ab. Then if d is relatively prime to a, then d divides b. This results appeared in Euclid's Elements, Book VII, Proposition 30. This ...

An algebraic equation is algebraically solvable iff its group is solvable. In order that an irreducible equation of prime degree be solvable by radicals, it is necessary and ...

The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2=p can be solved for p a prime iff p=1 (mod 4) or p=2. The representation is unique except for changes of sign or rearrangements of x and y. ...

Let Gamma be an algebraic curve in a projective space of dimension n, and let p be the prime ideal defining Gamma, and let chi(p,m) be the number of linearly independent ...