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A general integral transform is defined by g(alpha)=int_a^bf(t)K(alpha,t)dt, where K(alpha,t) is called the integral kernel of the transform.

An isolated singularity is a singularity for which there exists a (small) real number epsilon such that there are no other singularities within a neighborhood of radius ...

If J is a simple closed curve in R^2, then the Jordan curve theorem, also called the Jordan-Brouwer theorem (Spanier 1966) states that R^2-J has two components (an "inside" ...

A goodness-of-fit test for any statistical distribution. The test relies on the fact that the value of the sample cumulative density function is asymptotically normally ...

Lagrange multipliers, also called Lagrangian multipliers (e.g., Arfken 1985, p. 945), can be used to find the extrema of a multivariate function f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) subject to ...

Lagrange's identity is the algebraic identity (sum_(k=1)^na_kb_k)^2=(sum_(k=1)^na_k^2)(sum_(k=1)^nb_k^2)-sum_(1<=k<j<=n)(a_kb_j-a_jb_k)^2 (1) (Mitrinović 1970, p. 41; Marsden ...

Laguerre-Gauss quadrature, also called Gauss-Laguerre quadrature or Laguerre quadrature, is a Gaussian quadrature over the interval [0,infty) with weighting function ...

A root-finding algorithm which converges to a complex root from any starting position. To motivate the formula, consider an nth order polynomial and its derivatives, P_n(x) = ...

Given a unit line segment [0,1], pick two points at random on it. Call the first point x_1 and the second point x_2. Find the distribution of distances d between points. The ...

Also called Radau quadrature (Chandrasekhar 1960). A Gaussian quadrature with weighting function W(x)=1 in which the endpoints of the interval [-1,1] are included in a total ...