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In the above figure, the identical squares A, B, C appear different in width and height, because subdividing a space makes it appear larger. A different orientation can also ...

Let A denote an R-algebra, so that A is a vector space over R and A×A->A (1) (x,y)|->x·y, (2) where x·y is vector multiplication which is assumed to be bilinear. Now define ...

Tomography is the study of the reconstruction of two- and three-dimensional objects from one-dimensional slices. The Radon transform is an important tool in tomography. ...

Triangle picking is the process of picking triangles at random within a given shape in the plane, in space, or in a higher dimension. The most natural definition of a random ...

A nonzero element x of a ring for which x·y=0, where y is some other nonzero element and the multiplication x·y is the multiplication of the ring. A ring with no zero ...

The identity element of an additive monoid or group or of any other algebraic structure (e.g., ring, module, abstract vector space, algebra) equipped with an addition. It is ...

In the usual diagram of inclusion homomorphisms, if the upper two maps are injective, then so are the other two. More formally, consider a space X which is expressible as the ...

A non-Euclidean geometry, also called Lobachevsky-Bolyai-Gauss geometry, having constant sectional curvature -1. This geometry satisfies all of Euclid's postulates except the ...

If the section function of a centered convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space (n>=3) is smaller than that of another such body, is its volume also smaller? The solution ...

Let A denote an R-algebra, so that A is a vector space over R and A×A->A (1) (x,y)|->x·y. (2) Now define Z={x in A:x·y=0 for some y in A!=0}, (3) where 0 in Z. An Associative ...