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A point x^* which is mapped to itself under a map G, so that x^*=G(x^*). Such points are sometimes also called invariant points or fixed elements (Woods 1961). Stable fixed ...

Formulas obtained from differentiating Newton's forward difference formula, where R_n^'=h^nf^((n+1))(xi)d/(dp)(p; n+1)+h^(n+1)(p; n+1)d/(dx)f^((n+1))(xi), (n; k) is a ...

The mean tangent diameter of a solid, also known as the mean caliper diameter, is the caliper dimension obtained by averaging over all orientations.

The Mercator series, also called the Newton-Mercator series (Havil 2003, p. 33), is the Taylor series for the natural logarithm ln(1+x) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)((-1)^(k+1))/kx^k ...

Let A_n be the set of all sequences that contain all sequences {a_k}_(k=0)^n where a_0=1 and all other a_i=+/-1, and define c_k=sum_(j=0)^(n-k)a_ja_(j+k). Then the merit ...

A meromorphic function is a single-valued function that is analytic in all but possibly a discrete subset of its domain, and at those singularities it must go to infinity ...

The fundamental theorem of game theory which states that every finite, zero-sum, two-person game has optimal mixed strategies. It was proved by John von Neumann in 1928. ...

A class of automata similar to cellular automata but which have a single "active" cell instead of updating all cells in parallel. In a mobile automaton, the evolution rules ...

Let a module M in an integral domain D_1 for R(sqrt(D)) be expressed using a two-element basis as M=[xi_1,xi_2], where xi_1 and xi_2 are in D_1. Then the different of the ...

A modulo multiplication group is a finite group M_m of residue classes prime to m under multiplication mod m. M_m is Abelian of group order phi(m), where phi(m) is the ...