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A set in Euclidean space R^d is convex set if it contains all the line segments connecting any pair of its points. If the set does not contain all the line segments, it is ...

A group action G×X->X is effective if there are no trivial actions. In particular, this means that there is no element of the group (besides the identity element) which does ...

A surface S is n-embeddable if it can be placed in R^n-space without self-intersections, but cannot be similarly placed in any R^k for k<n. A surface so embedded is said to ...

The axioms formulated by Hausdorff (1919) for his concept of a topological space. These axioms describe the properties satisfied by subsets of elements x in a neighborhood ...

A representation of a Lie algebra g is a linear transformation psi:g->M(V), where M(V) is the set of all linear transformations of a vector space V. In particular, if V=R^n, ...

A nonnegative function g(x,y) describing the "distance" between neighboring points for a given set. A metric satisfies the triangle inequality g(x,y)+g(y,z)>=g(x,z) (1) and ...

Let X be a locally convex topological vector space and let K be a compact subset of X. In functional analysis, Milman's theorem is a result which says that if the closed ...

The monster group is the highest order sporadic group M. It has group order |M| = (1) = (2) where the divisors are precisely the 15 supersingular primes (Ogg 1980). The ...

A nonzero vector v=(v_0,v_1,...,v_(n-1)) in n-dimensional Lorentzian space R^(1,n-1) is said to be negative lightlike if it has zero (Lorentzian) norm and if its first ...

A vector space V with a ring structure and a vector norm such that for all v,W in V, ||vw||<=||v||||w||. If V has a multiplicative identity 1, it is also required that ...