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The triangle with edge lengths 3, 4, and 5 is the right triangle with smallest possible integer lengths and corresponds to the Pythagorean triple (3,4,5) where the legs have ...

Let X be an alphabet (i.e., a finite and nonempty set), and call its member letters. A word on X is a finite sequence of letters a_1...a_n, where a_1,...,a_n in X. Denote the ...

A bar (also called an overbar) is a horizontal line written above a mathematical symbol to give it some special meaning. If the bar is placed over a single symbol, as in x^_ ...

The binary logarithm log_2x is the logarithm to base 2. The notation lgx is sometimes used to denote this function in number theoretic literature. However, because Russian ...

A transformation which transforms from a two-dimensional continuous uniform distribution to a two-dimensional bivariate normal distribution (or complex normal distribution). ...

The term "bundle" is an abbreviated form of the full term fiber bundle. Depending on context, it may mean one of the special cases of fiber bundles, such as a vector bundle ...

Pick two points at random in a circular sector of radius 1 and central angle theta, and consider the length s of the line joining them. The following table summarizes ...

A convex function is a continuous function whose value at the midpoint of every interval in its domain does not exceed the arithmetic mean of its values at the ends of the ...

Given a formula y=f(x) with an absolute error in x of dx, the absolute error is dy. The relative error is dy/y. If x=f(u,v,...), then ...

Gibrat's distribution is a continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable x has a normal distribution, P(x)=1/(xsqrt(2pi))e^(-(lnx)^2/2), (1) defined over the ...