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A number puzzle in which a group of arithmetical operations has some or all of its digits replaced by letters or symbols, and where the original digits must be found. In such ...

A type I move (conjugation) takes AB->BA for A, B in B_n where B_n is a braid group. A type II move (stabilization) takes A->Ab_n or A->Ab_n^(-1) for A in B_n, and b_n, Ab_n, ...

An Abelian variety is an algebraic group which is a complete algebraic variety. An Abelian variety of dimension 1 is an elliptic curve.

A statistic which assigns a single number to several individual statistics in order to quantify trends. The best-known index in the United States is the consumer price index, ...

The set of all zero-systems of a group G is denoted B(G) and is called the block monoid of G since it forms a commutative monoid under the operation of zero-system addition ...

A polynomial discriminant is the product of the squares of the differences of the polynomial roots r_i. The discriminant of a polynomial is defined only up to constant ...

The digraph intersection of two digraphs is the digraph whose vertex set (respectively, edge set) is the intersection of their vertex sets (respectively, edge sets). If n is ...

Let {y^k} be a set of orthonormal vectors with k=1, 2, ..., K, such that the inner product (y^k,y^k)=1. Then set x=sum_(k=1)^Ku_ky^k (1) so that for any square matrix A for ...

Let E be a linear space over a field K. Then the vector space tensor product tensor _(lambda=1)^(k)E is called a tensor space of degree k. More specifically, a tensor space ...

A four-vector a_mu is said to be lightlike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu=0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...