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The tower of Hanoi (commonly also known as the "towers of Hanoi"), is a puzzle invented by E. Lucas in 1883. It is also known as the Tower of Brahma puzzle and appeared as an ...

Discrete mathematics is the branch of mathematics dealing with objects that can assume only distinct, separated values. The term "discrete mathematics" is therefore used in ...

A discrete group is a topological group with the discrete topology. Often in practice, discrete groups arise as discrete subgroups of continuous Lie groups acting on a ...

A quasigroup with an identity element e such that xe=x and ex=x for any x in the quasigroup. All groups are loops. In general, loops are considered to have very little in the ...

Given a factor a of a number n=ab, the cofactor of a is b=n/a. A different type of cofactor, sometimes called a cofactor matrix, is a signed version of a minor M_(ij) defined ...

A.k.a. the pigeonhole principle. Given n boxes and m>n objects, at least one box must contain more than one object. This statement has important applications in number theory ...

A partially ordered set (or poset) is a set taken together with a partial order on it. Formally, a partially ordered set is defined as an ordered pair P=(X,<=), where X is ...

Color each segment of a knot diagram using one of three colors. If 1. At any crossing, either the colors are all different or all the same, and 2. At least two colors are ...

Let L(n,d) be the smallest tour length for n points in a d-D hypercube. Then there exists a smallest constant alpha(d) such that for all optimal tours in the hypercube, lim ...

There are (at least) three types of Euler transforms (or transformations). The first is a set of transformations of hypergeometric functions, called Euler's hypergeometric ...