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Given a module M over a commutative unit ring R and a filtration F:... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R (1) of ideals of R, the associated graded module of M with ...

Given a group G, the algebra CG is a vector space CG={suma_ig_i|a_i in C,g_i in G} of finite sums of elements of G, with multiplication defined by g·h=gh, the group ...

Given a module M over a commutative unit ring R and a filtration F:... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R (1) of ideals of R, the Rees module of M with respect to F is ...

A module M over a unit ring R is called faithful if for all distinct elements a, b of R, there exists x in M such that ax!=bx. In other words, the multiplications by a and by ...

A projective module generalizes the concept of the free module. A module M over a nonzero unit ring R is projective iff it is a direct summand of a free module, i.e., of some ...

For every ring containing p spheres, there exists a ring of q spheres, each touching each of the p spheres, where 1/p+1/q=1/2, (1) which can also be written (p-2)(q-2)=4. (2) ...

The direct sum of modules A and B is the module A direct sum B={a direct sum b|a in A,b in B}, (1) where all algebraic operations are defined componentwise. In particular, ...

The natural projection, also called the homomorphism, is a logical way of mapping an algebraic structure onto its quotient structures. The natural projection pi is defined ...

Let A be a commutative ring, let C_r be an R-module for r=0, 1, 2, ..., and define a chain complex C__ of the form C__:...|->C_n|->C_(n-1)|->C_(n-2)|->...|->C_2|->C_1|->C_0. ...

A module is a mathematical object in which things can be added together commutatively by multiplying coefficients and in which most of the rules of manipulating vectors hold. ...