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An archaic name for topology.

Always increasing; never remaining constant or decreasing. Also called strictly increasing.

A set function mu is said to possess countable subadditivity if, given any countable disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union ...

Simple majority vote is the only procedure which is anonymous, dual, and monotonic.

The symbol ¬ used to denote the negation operation ("NOT") in symbolic logic, also called "logical not."

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...

A sum which includes both the Jacobi triple product and the q-binomial theorem as special cases. Ramanujan's sum is ...

The operator e^(nut^2/2) which satisfies e^(nut^2/2)p(x)=1/(sqrt(2pinu))int_(-infty)^inftye^(-u^2/(2nu))p(x+u)du for nu>0.

Given a pick-7 lottery with 23 numbers that pays a prize to anyone matching at least 4 of the 7 numbers, there is a set of 253 tickets that guarantees a win. This set ...

A type of cryptography in which the encoding key is revealed without compromising the encoded message. The two best-known methods are the knapsack problem and RSA encryption.