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The polynomials in the diagonal of the Smith normal form or rational canonical form of a matrix are called its invariant factors.

An invariant series of a group G is a normal series I=A_0<|A_1<|...<|A_r=G such that each A_i<|G, where H<|G means that H is a normal subgroup of G.

Given a smooth function f:R^n->R^n, if the Jacobian is invertible at 0, then there is a neighborhood U containing 0 such that f:U->f(U) is a diffeomorphism. That is, there is ...

The use of three prior points in a root-finding algorithm to estimate the zero crossing.

For {M_i}_(i in I) a family of R-modules indexed by a directed set I, let sigma_(ji):M_j->M_i i<=j be an R-module homomorphism. Call (M_i,sigma_(ji)) an inverse system over I ...

The point that inversion of a curve is performed with respect to.

The circle with respect to which an inverse curve is computed or relative to which inverse points are computed. In three dimensions, inverse points can be computed relative ...

A relation between permutations p and q that exists if there is a sequence of transpositions such that each transposition increases the number of inversions (Stanton and ...

The radius used in performing an inversion with respect to an inversion circle.

The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).