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The union of two sets A and B is the set obtained by combining the members of each. This is written A union B, and is pronounced "A union B" or "A cup B." The union of sets ...

Let X_1, ..., X_N be a sequence of independent observations of a random variable X, and let the number of observations N itself be chosen at random. Then Wald's equation ...

A statistic w on the symmetric group S_n is called a weighted inversion statistic if there exists an upper triangular matrix W=(w_(ij)) such that ...

A sequence of uncorrelated numbers alpha_n developed by Wiener (1926-1927). The numbers are constructed by beginning with {1,-1}, (1) then forming the outer product with ...

A continuous-time stochastic process W(t) for t>=0 with W(0)=0 and such that the increment W(t)-W(s) is Gaussian with mean 0 and variance t-s for any 0<=s<t, and increments ...

The Wiener sausage of radius a>0 is the random process defined by W^a(t)= union _(0<=s<=t)B_a(beta(s)) where here, beta(t) is the standard Brownian motion in R^d for t>=0 and ...

Let a random n×n (0,1)-matrix have entries which are 1 (with probability p) or 0 (with probability q=1-p) and numbers are assigned to the edges of a grid. A b-cluster is an ...

Van der Corput sequences are a means of generating sequences of points that are maximally self-avoiding (a.k.a. quasirandom sequences). In the one-dimensional case, the ...

A gamma distribution is a general type of statistical distribution that is related to the beta distribution and arises naturally in processes for which the waiting times ...

A test used to determine the statistical significance of an observation. Two main types of error can occur: 1. A type I error occurs when a false negative result is obtained ...