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A construction done using only a straightedge. The Poncelet-Steiner theorem proves that all constructions possible using a compass and straightedge are possible using a ...

The (not necessarily regular) tetrahedron of least volume circumscribed around a convex body B with volume V is not known. If B is a parallelepiped, then the smallest-volume ...

A geometric implement discovered in a 19th century book, and whose inventor is unknown. It essentially consists of a semicircle, a segment SR which prolongs its diameter and ...

A curve which can be used to trisect an angle. Although an arbitrary angle cannot be trisected using only compass and straightedge (i.e., according to the strict rules of ...

A weighted adjacency matrix A_f of a simple graph is defined for a real positive symmetric function f(d_i,d_j) on the vertex degrees d_i of a graph as ...

It is possible to perform multiplication of large numbers in (many) fewer operations than the usual brute-force technique of "long multiplication." As discovered by Karatsuba ...

A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

Pre-Calculus

An additive group is a group where the operation is called addition and is denoted +. In an additive group, the identity element is called zero, and the inverse of the ...

The adjective "affine" indicates everything that is related to the geometry of affine spaces. A coordinate system for the n-dimensional affine space R^n is determined by any ...