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The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) matrix A_(ABC) of a simple graph is a weighted adjacency matrix with weight f(d_i,d_j)=sqrt((d_i+d_j-2)/(d_id_j)), (1) where d_i are the ...

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) spectral radius rho_(ABC) of a graph is defined as the largest eigenvalue of its ABC matrix. Chen (2019) showed that for a tree on 3 or more ...

Consider the process of taking a number, adding its digits, then adding the digits of the number derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...

Affine functions represent vector-valued functions of the form f(x_1,...,x_n)=A_1x_1+...+A_nx_n+b. The coefficients can be scalars or dense or sparse matrices. The constant ...

An algorithm which extrapolates the partial sums s_n of a series sum_(n)a_n whose convergence is approximately geometric and accelerates its rate of convergence. The ...

In the algebraic geometry of Grothendieck, a stack refers to a sheaf of categories. In particular, a stack is a presheaf of categories in which the following descent ...

There are at least two results known as "the area principle." The geometric area principle states that (|A_1P|)/(|A_2P|)=(|A_1BC|)/(|A_2BC|). (1) This can also be written in ...

An Argand diagram is a plot of complex numbers as points z=x+iy in the complex plane using the x-axis as the real axis and y-axis as the imaginary axis. In the plot above, ...

A theorem which states that the analytic and topological "indices" are equal for any elliptic differential operator on an n-dimensional compact smooth C^infty boundaryless ...

The rank of a vector bundle is the dimension of its fiber. Equivalently, it is the maximum number of linearly independent local bundle sections in a trivialization. ...