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The study of the meaning and relationships of statements used to represent precise mathematical ideas. Symbolic logic is also called formal logic.

Two points z and z^S in C^* are symmetric with respect to a circle or straight line L if all circles and straight lines passing through z and z^S are orthogonal to L. Möbius ...

A symmetry group is a group of symmetry-preserving operations, i.e., rotations, reflections, and inversions (Arfken 1985, p. 245).

A map T:(M_1,omega_1)->(M_2,omega_2) between the symplectic manifolds (M_1,omega_1) and (M_2,omega_2) which is a diffeomorphism and T^*(omega_2)=omega_1, where T^* is the ...

A symplectic form on a smooth manifold M is a smooth closed 2-form omega on M which is nondegenerate such that at every point m, the alternating bilinear form omega_m on the ...

Informally, a symplectic map is a map which preserves the sum of areas projected onto the set of (p_i,q_i) planes. It is the generalization of an area-preserving map. ...

A theory is a set of sentences which is closed under logical implication. That is, given any subset of sentences {s_1,s_2,...} in the theory, if sentence r is a logical ...

A logical structure which does not assume the law of the excluded middle. Three truth values are possible: true, false, or undecided. There are 3072 such logics.

A function f:{0,1}^(l(n))×{0,1}^n->{0,1}^(m(n)) is a trapdoor one-way hash function if f is a trapdoor one-way function and is also a one-way hash function, i.e., if, ...

The plane curve given by the equation xy=x^3-a^3, illustrated above for values of a ranging from 0 to 3. For a=0, the trident degenerated to a parabola.