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The positive predictive value is the probability that a test gives a true result for a true statistic. The negative predictive value is the probability that a test gives a ...

Let S be a collection of subsets of a set X and let mu:S->[0,infty] be a set function. The function mu is called a premeasure provided that mu is finitely additive, countably ...

A relation "<=" is called a preorder (or quasiorder) on a set S if it satisfies: 1. Reflexivity: a<=a for all a in S. 2. Transitivity: a<=b and b<=c implies a<=c. A preorder ...

A knot obtained from a tangle which can be represented by a finite sequence of integers.

A primary ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b^m in I for some m>0. Prime ideals are always primary. A primary decomposition expresses any ideal ...

Let pi be a unitary representation of a group G on a separable Hilbert space, and let R(pi) be the smallest weakly closed algebra of bounded linear operators containing all ...

An Abelian planar difference set of order n exists only for n a prime power. Gordon (1994) has verified it to be true for n<2000000.

A ring for which the product of any pair of ideals is zero only if one of the two ideals is zero. All simple rings are prime.

A polytope in n-dimensional Euclidean space R^n whose vertices are integer lattice points but which does not contain any other lattice points in its interior or on its ...

In accounting, the principal is the original amount borrowed or lent on which interest is then paid or given. The word "principal" is also used in many areas of mathematics ...