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The matrix operations of 1. Interchanging two rows or columns, 2. Adding a multiple of one row or column to another, 3. Multiplying any row or column by a nonzero element.

The curvature of a surface satisfies kappa=kappa_1cos^2theta+kappa_2sin^2theta, where kappa is the normal curvature in a direction making an angle theta with the first ...

Frey's theorem states that every Abelian category is a subcategory of some category of modules over a ring. Mitchell (1964) has strengthened this, saying every Abelian ...

The permanent of an n×n integer matrix with all entries either 0 or 1 is 0 iff the matrix contains an r×s submatrix of 0s with r+s=n+1. This result follows from the ...

If x_1<x_2<...<x_n denote the zeros of p_n(x), there exist real numbers lambda_1,lambda_2,...,lambda_n such that ...

Consider two closed oriented space curves f_1:C_1->R^3 and f_2:C_2->R^3, where C_1 and C_2 are distinct circles, f_1 and f_2 are differentiable C^1 functions, and f_1(C_1) ...

The surface with parametric equations x = (sinhvcos(tauu))/(1+coshucoshv) (1) y = (sinhvsin(tauu))/(1+coshucoshv) (2) z = (coshvsinh(u))/(1+coshucoshv), (3) where tau is the ...

An irreducible fraction is a fraction p/q for which GCD(p,q)=1, i.e., p and q are relatively prime. For example, in the complex plane, (4+7i)/(2+i)=3+2i is reducible, while ...

Using Clebsch-Aronhold notation, an algebraic curve satisfies xi_1^na_y^n+xi_1^(n-1)xi_2a_y^(n-1)a_x+1/2n(n-1)xi_1^(n-2)xi_2^2a_y^(n-2)a_x^2+... ...

A roll of 4 on a pair of six-sided dice in the game of craps (Gardner 1978, p. 256). The probability of rolling "a little Joe" is 1/12, or 8.333...%. A roll of "4 the hard ...