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The fundamental theorem of game theory which states that every finite, zero-sum, two-person game has optimal mixed strategies. It was proved by John von Neumann in 1928. ...

The Minkowski metric, also called the Minkowski tensor or pseudo-Riemannian metric, is a tensor eta_(alphabeta) whose elements are defined by the matrix (eta)_(alphabeta)=[-1 ...

Let a module M in an integral domain D_1 for R(sqrt(D)) be expressed using a two-element basis as M=[xi_1,xi_2], where xi_1 and xi_2 are in D_1. Then the different of the ...

The word multiplicity is a general term meaning "the number of values for which a given condition holds." For example, the term is used to refer to the value of the totient ...

A graphical plot which can be used for solving certain types of equations. According to Steinhaus (1999, p. 301), the Nomogram was invented by the French mathematicians ...

A number which is simultaneously a nonagonal number N_m and hexagonal number Hex_n and therefore satisfies the Diophantine equation 1/2m(7m-5)=n(2n-1). (1) Completing the ...

The ordered pair (s,t), where s is the number of real embeddings of the number field and t is the number of complex-conjugate pairs of embeddings. The degree of the number ...

If G is a weighted tree with weights w_i>1 assigned to each vertex v_i, then G is perfectly weighted if the matrix M_G=[w_1 0 ... 0; 0 w_2 ... 0; | ... ... |; 0 0 ... ...

A polar representation of a complex measure mu is analogous to the polar representation of a complex number as z=re^(itheta), where r=|z|, dmu=e^(itheta)d|mu|. (1) The analog ...

A principal nth root omega of unity is a root satisfying the equations omega^n=1 and sum_(i=0)^(n-1)omega^(ij)=0 for j=1, 2, ..., n. Therefore, every primitive root of unity ...