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A strongly connected component of a simple directed graph (i.e., a digraph without loops) is a maximal subdigraph such that for every pair of distinct vertices u, v in the ...

Zarankiewicz's conjecture asserts that graph crossing number for a complete bipartite graph K_(m,n) is Z(m,n)=|_n/2_||_(n-1)/2_||_m/2_||_(m-1)/2_|, (1) where |_x_| is the ...

A Cayley tree is a tree in which each non-leaf graph vertex has a constant number of branches n is called an n-Cayley tree. 2-Cayley trees are path graphs. The unique ...

There are two distinct notions of connectivity in a directed graph. A directed graph is weakly connected if there is an undirected path between any pair of vertices, and ...

The Kirchhoff index Kf, also simply called the resistance and denoted R (Lukovits et al. 1999), of a connected graph G on n nodes is defined by ...

The Klein bottle is a closed nonorientable surface of Euler characteristic 0 (Dodson and Parker 1997, p. 125) that has no inside or outside, originally described by Felix ...

The Bellman-Ford algorithm is an algorithm for solving the shortest path problem, i.e., finding a graph geodesic between two given vertices. Other algorithms that can be used ...

A trail is a walk v_0, e_1, v_1, ..., v_k with no repeated edge. The length of a trail is its number of edges. A u,v-trail is a trail with first vertex u and last vertex v, ...

The rectilinear crossing number of a graph G is the minimum number of crossings in a straight line embedding of G in a plane. It is variously denoted rcr(G), cr^_(G) ...

The word "rank" refers to several related concepts in mathematics involving graphs, groups, matrices, quadratic forms, sequences, set theory, statistics, and tensors. In ...