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The pedal curve of circle involute f = cost+tsint (1) g = sint-tcost (2) with the center as the pedal point is the Archimedes' spiral x = tsint (3) y = -tcost. (4)

A notation for large numbers due to Steinhaus (1999). In circle notation, is defined as n in n squares, where numbers written inside squares (and triangles) are interpreted ...

A partially ordered set P is a circle order if it is isomorphic to a set of disks ordered by containment.

The orthotomic of the unit circle represented by x = cost (1) y = sint (2) with a source at (x,y) is x_o = xcos(2t)-ysin(2t)+2sint (3) y_o = -xsin(2t)-ycos(2t)+2cost. (4)

The parallel curves of a circle with radius a with offset k are given by the parametric equations x_p(t) = (a+k)cost (1) y_p(t) = (a+k)sint (2) and are therefore themselves ...

The radial curve of a unit circle from a radial point (x,y) and parametric equations x = cost (1) y = sint (2) is another circle with parametric equations x_r = x-cost (3) ...

The strophoid of a circle with pole at the center and fixed point on the circumference is a Freeth's nephroid.

A closed trail is called a circuit when it is specified in cyclic order but no first vertex is explicitly identified.

Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000) define the circulant determinant by (1) where omega_j is the nth root of unity. The second-order circulant determinant is |x_1 x_2; x_2 ...

While some authors define "circumference" as distance around an arbitrary closed object (sometimes restricted to a closed curved object), in the work, the term "perimeter" is ...