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A specific type of ultraproduct that can be used to construct nonstandard universes and obtain the transfer principle as a corollary of Łoś' theorem for ultraproducts.

A set of sample problems in unconstrained optimization is given by loading Optimization`UnconstrainedProblems` and evaluating $FindMinimumProblems.

In the American system, 10^(36).

A statistical distribution such as the normal distribution which has a single "peak."

The property of being the only possible solution (perhaps modulo a constant, class of transformation, etc.).

A ball of radius 1.

A transformation of the form A^'=UAU^(H), where U^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose.

Capable of taking on exactly one possible value.

A polynomial in a single variable, e.g., P(x)=a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0, as opposed to a multivariate polynomial.

If A is true unless B, then not-B implies A, but B does not necessarily imply not-A.