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A unit circle is a circle of unit radius, i.e., of radius 1. The unit circle plays a significant role in a number of different areas of mathematics. For example, the ...

Find a way to stack a square of cannonballs laid out on the ground into a square pyramid (i.e., find a square number which is also square pyramidal). This corresponds to ...

The Dirichlet lambda function lambda(x) is the Dirichlet L-series defined by lambda(x) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)1/((2n+1)^x) (1) = (1-2^(-x))zeta(x), (2) where zeta(x) is the ...

Two square matrices A and B that are related by B=X^(-1)AX, (1) where X is a square nonsingular matrix are said to be similar. A transformation of the form X^(-1)AX is called ...

An expansion based on the roots of x^(-n)[xJ_n^'(x)+HJ_n(x)]=0, where J_n(x) is a Bessel function of the first kind, is called a Dini expansion.

Let A=a_(ik) be an arbitrary n×n nonsingular matrix with real elements and determinant |A|, then |A|^2<=product_(i=1)^n(sum_(k=1)^na_(ik)^2).

A surface harmonic of degree l which is premultiplied by a factor r^l. Confusingly, solid harmonics are also known as "spherical harmonics" (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. ...

Any linear combination of real spherical harmonics A_lP_l(costheta)+sum_(m=1)^l[A_l^mcos(mphi)+B_l^msin(mphi)]P_l^m(costheta) for l fixed whose sum is not premultiplied by a ...

The order ideal in Lambda, the ring of integral laurent polynomials, associated with an Alexander matrix for a knot K. Any generator of a principal Alexander ideal is called ...

A square matrix A such that A^2=I, where I is the identity matrix. An involutory matrix is its own matrix inverse.