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A Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is an integral equation of the form f(x)=int_a^bK(x,t)phi(t)dt, (1) where K(x,t) is the kernel and phi(t) is an unknown ...

A algebraic loop L is a generalized Bol loop if for all elements x, y, and z of L, ((xy)z)alpha(y)=x((yz)alpha(y)) for some map alpha:L->L. As the name suggests, these are ...

The internal (external) bisecting plane of a dihedral angle of a tetrahedron divides the opposite edge in the ratio of the areas of the adjacent faces.

An illusion in which the eye alternately sees two black faces, or a white goblet.

Successive points dividing a golden rectangle into squares lie on a logarithmic spiral (Wells 1991, p. 39; Livio 2002, p. 119) which is sometimes known as the golden spiral. ...

Given a hereditary representation of a number n in base b, let B[b](n) be the nonnegative integer which results if we syntactically replace each b by b+1 (i.e., B[b] is a ...

The Grassmann graph J_q(n,k) is defined such that the vertices are the k-dimensional subspaces of an n-dimensional finite field of order q and edges correspond to pairs of ...

In the original formulation, a quantity associated with ideal class groups. According to Chevalley's formulation, a Grössencharakter is a multiplicative character of the ...

The hat is a caret-shaped symbol commonly placed on top of variables to give them special meaning. The symbol x^^ is voiced "x-hat" (or sometimes as "x-roof") in mathematics, ...

A number which is simultaneously a heptagonal number H_n and square number S_m. Such numbers exist when 1/2n(5n-3)=m^2. (1) Completing the square and rearranging gives ...