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The inverse hyperbolic secant sech^(-1)z (Beyer 1987, p. 181; Zwillinger 1995, p. 481), sometimes called the area hyperbolic secant (Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 271) and ...

The Jacobi theta functions are the elliptic analogs of the exponential function, and may be used to express the Jacobi elliptic functions. The theta functions are ...

Jacobi's imaginary transformations relate elliptic functions to other elliptic functions of the same type but having different arguments. In the case of the Jacobi elliptic ...

The Kampé de Fériet function is a special function that generalizes the generalized hypergeometric function to two variables and includes the Appell hypergeometric function ...

The Königsberg bridge problem asks if the seven bridges of the city of Königsberg (left figure; Kraitchik 1942), formerly in Germany but now known as Kaliningrad and part of ...

A labeled graph G=(V,E) is a finite series of graph vertices V with a set of graph edges E of 2-subsets of V. Given a graph vertex set V_n={1,2,...,n}, the number of ...

Landau's problems are the four "unattackable" problems mentioned by Landau in the 1912 Fifth Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge, namely: 1. The Goldbach conjecture, 2. ...

A 4-state two-dimensional Turing machine invented in the 1980s. The ant starts out on a grid containing black and white cells, and then follows the following set of rules. 1. ...

A k×n Latin rectangle is a k×n matrix with elements a_(ij) in {1,2,...,n} such that entries in each row and column are distinct. If k=n, the special case of a Latin square ...

A linear recurrence equation is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a first-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example ...