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Hyperreal numbers are an extension of the real numbers to include certain classes of infinite and infinitesimal numbers. A hyperreal number x is said to be finite iff |x|<n ...

A hypothesis is a proposition that is consistent with known data, but has been neither verified nor shown to be false. In statistics, a hypothesis (sometimes called a ...

By way of analogy with the eban numbers, iban numbers are defined as numbers whose English names do not contain the letter "i" (i.e., "i" is banned). The first few are 1, 2, ...

The extension of a, an ideal in commutative ring A, in a ring B, is the ideal generated by its image f(a) under a ring homomorphism f. Explicitly, it is any finite sum of the ...

A type of number involving the roots of unity which was developed by Kummer while trying to solve Fermat's last theorem. Although factorization over the integers is unique ...

The idempotent numbers are given by B_(n,k)(1,2,3,...)=(n; k)k^(n-k), where B_(n,k) is a Bell polynomial and (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. A table of the first few is ...

The identity function id(x) is the function id(x)=x which assigns every real number x to the same real number x. It is identical to the identity map. The identity function is ...

The idiosyncratic polynomial is the bivariate graph polynomial defined as the characteristic polynomial in x of A+y(J-I-A), where A is the adjacency matrix, J is the unit ...

If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).