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The Hamiltonian number h(n) of a connected graph G is the length of a Hamiltonian walk G. In other words, it is the minimum length of a closed spanning walk in the graph. For ...

The hyperbolic cosine is defined as coshz=1/2(e^z+e^(-z)). (1) The notation chx is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. xxix). This function describes the ...

The pentaflake is a fractal with 5-fold symmetry. As illustrated above, five pentagons can be arranged around an identical pentagon to form the first iteration of the ...

There are several sorts of graphs referred to as "star graphs" in mathematics, computer science, and information processing. The most common sort of star is the n-star graph ...

Plouffe's constants are numbers arising in summations of series related to r_n=f(2^n) where f is a trigonometric function. Define the Iverson bracket function rho(x)={1 for ...

A projective module generalizes the concept of the free module. A module M over a nonzero unit ring R is projective iff it is a direct summand of a free module, i.e., of some ...

Skewness is a measure of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution. If the left tail (tail at small end of the distribution) is more pronounced than the right tail (tail at ...

A spectral sequence is a tool of homological algebra that has many applications in algebra, algebraic geometry, and algebraic topology. Roughly speaking, a spectral sequence ...

Given three jugs with x pints in the first, y in the second, and z in the third, obtain a desired amount in one of the vessels by completely filling up and/or emptying ...

Turmites, also called turning machines, are 2-dimensional Turing machines in which the "tape" consists of a grid of spaces that can be written and erased by an active ...