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Defined for samples x_i, i=1, ..., N by alpha_r=1/Nsum_(i=1)^Nz_i^r=(mu_r)/(sigma^r), (1) where z_i=(x_i-x^_)/(s_x). (2) The first few are alpha_1 = 0 (3) alpha_2 = 1 (4) ...

sum_(k=-infty)^infty(a; m-k)(b; n-k)(a+b+k; k)=(a+n; m)(b+m; n).

Let A and B be two *-algebras. An algebraic homomorphism phi:A->B is called *-homomorphism if it satisfies phi(a^*)=phi(a)^* for each a in A.

A fractal composed of repeated copies of a pentagram or other polygon. The above figure shows a generalization to different offsets from the center.

Let A be a C^*-algebra, then a state is a positive linear functional on A of norm 1.

An expression built up from statements letters by appropriate application of connectives (Mendelson 1997, p. 13).

A symbol used to represent a Boolean statement in logic that can take the value either true or false. All statement letters are statements forms (Mendelson 1997, p. 13).

A quantity (such as a statistical median, quartile deviation, etc.), which is calculated from observed data.

The smallest statistical rank (either up or down) of a set of data.

The ordinal number of a value in a list arranged in a specified order (usually decreasing).