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The use of permil (a.k.a. parts per thousand) is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. Given a ratio or fraction, it is converted to a permil-age by ...

A nonsimply connected 3-manifold, also called a dodecahedral space.

The present value v_n of a single payment made at n periods in the future is v_n=p/((1+r)^n), (1) where n is the number of periods until payment, p is the payment amount, and ...

The partial differential equation u_(tt)-u_(xx)=epsilon(u_t-u_t^3).

The ratio of the absolute frequency to the total number of data points in a frequency distribution.

Given a sequence of values {a_k}_(k=1)^n, the running maxima are the sequence of values {max(a_1,...,a_k)}_(k=1)^n. So, for example, given a sequence (3,5,7,8,8,5,7,9,2,5), ...

The symbol ; given special meanings in several mathematics contexts, the most common of which is the covariant derivative.

A smooth map f:S^1->R^3 whose image has singularities. In particular, in the theory of Vassiliev's knot invariants, singular knots with a finite number of ordinary double ...

A graphical partitioning based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix of a graph.

Two numbers which are relatively prime.