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Geometric objects lying in a common plane are said to be coplanar. Three noncollinear points determine a plane and so are trivially coplanar. Four points are coplanar iff the ...

Correlation is the degree to which two or more quantities are linearly associated. In a two-dimensional plot, the degree of correlation between the values on the two axes is ...

Let phi(t) be the characteristic function, defined as the Fourier transform of the probability density function P(x) using Fourier transform parameters a=b=1, phi(t) = ...

kappa(d)={(2lneta(d))/(sqrt(d)) for d>0; (2pi)/(w(d)sqrt(|d|)) for d<0, (1) where eta(d) is the fundamental unit and w(d) is the number of substitutions which leave the ...

The kissing number of a sphere is 12. This led Fejes Tóth (1943) to conjecture that in any unit sphere packing, the volume of any Voronoi cell around any sphere is at least ...

An equalizer of a pair of maps f,g:X->Y in a category is a map e:E->X such that 1. f degreese=g degreese, where degrees denotes composition. 2. For any other map e^':E^'->X ...

Let a prime number generated by Euler's prime-generating polynomial n^2+n+41 be known as an Euler prime. (Note that such primes are distinct from prime Euler numbers, which ...

The extended mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543-544), also known as the Cauchy mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543) and Cauchy's mean-value formula (Apostol 1967, p. ...

If a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], then f(x) has both a maximum and a minimum on [a,b]. If f(x) has an extremum on an open interval (a,b), then the ...

A flexagon-like structure created by connecting the ends of a strip of four squares after folding along 45 degrees diagonals. Using a number of folding movements, it is ...