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In the figure above with tangent line PT and secant line PA, (PA)/(PT)=(PT)/(PB) (1) (Jurgensen et al. 1963, p. 346). The line tangent to a circle of radius a centered at ...

A constructive proof is a proof that directly provides a specific example, or which gives an algorithm for producing an example. Constructive proofs are also called ...

Any set which can be put in a one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers (or integers) so that a prescription can be given for identifying its members one at a time ...

A sophisticated checksum (often abbreviated CRC), which is based on the algebra of polynomials over the integers (mod 2). It is substantially more reliable in detecting ...

Direct search factorization is the simplest (and most simple-minded) prime factorization algorithm. It consists of searching for factors of a number by systematically ...

In mathematics, a small positive infinitesimal quantity, usually denoted epsilon or epsilon, whose limit is usually taken as epsilon->0. The late mathematician P. Erdős also ...

The Erdős-Selfridge function g(k) is defined as the least integer bigger than k+1 such that the least prime factor of (g(k); k) exceeds k, where (n; k) is the binomial ...

A theorem stating the existence of an object, such as the solution to a problem or equation. Strictly speaking, it need not tell how many such objects there are, nor give ...

Let S be a nonempty set, then a filter on S is a nonempty collection F of subsets of S having the following properties: 1. emptyset not in F, 2. If A,B in F, then A ...

A technique in set theory invented by P. Cohen (1963, 1964, 1966) and used to prove that the axiom of choice and continuum hypothesis are independent of one another in ...