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The consideration of the result of a numerical calculation as a function of an adjustable parameter (usually the step size). The function can then be fitted and evaluated at ...

A sequence of approximations a/b to sqrt(n) can be derived by factoring a^2-nb^2=+/-1 (1) (where -1 is possible only if -1 is a quadratic residue of n). Then ...

The theory of point sets and sequences having a uniform distribution. Uniform distribution theory is important in modeling and simulation, and especially in so-called Monte ...

An array is a "list of lists" with the length of each level of list the same. The size (sometimes called the "shape") of a d-dimensional array is then indicated as ...

Mills (1947) proved the existence of a real constant A such that |_A^(3^n)_| (1) is prime for all integers n>=1, where |_x_| is the floor function. Mills (1947) did not, ...

In the technical combinatorial sense, an a-ary necklace of length n is a string of n characters, each of a possible types. Rotation is ignored, in the sense that b_1b_2...b_n ...

A connective in logic known as the "exclusive or," or exclusive disjunction. It yields true if exactly one (but not both) of two conditions is true. The XOR operation does ...

A characteristic factor is a factor in a particular factorization of the totient function phi(n) such that the product of characteristic factors gives the representation of a ...

If V and W are Banach spaces and T:V->W is a bounded linear operator, the T is said to be a compact operator if it maps the unit ball of V into a relatively compact subset of ...

Every finite group G of order greater than one possesses a finite series of subgroups, called a composition series, such that I<|H_s<|...<|H_2<|H_1<|G, where H_(i+1) is a ...