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A method to obtain a signal C_l(z) with a flat spectrum c(theta;z) (such as a pulse), but having a smaller amplitude than the pulse. ...

The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula, the shoelace algorithm, shoelace method, or surveyor's formula, is a name sometimes given to the polygon area ...

The numbers of eigenvalues that are positive, negative, or 0 do not change under a congruence transformation. Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000) state it as follows: when a ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

Dijkstra's algorithm is an algorithm for finding a graph geodesic, i.e., the shortest path between two graph vertices in a graph. It functions by constructing a shortest-path ...

An adaptive Gaussian quadrature method for numerical integration in which error is estimation based on evaluation at special points known as "Kronrod points." By suitably ...

Newton's iteration is an algorithm for computing the square root sqrt(n) of a number n via the recurrence equation x_(k+1)=1/2(x_k+n/(x_k)), (1) where x_0=1. This recurrence ...

If one looks inside a flat origami without unfolding it, one sees a zigzagged profile, determined by an alternation of "mountain-creases" and "valley-creases." The numbers of ...

A set-like object in which order is ignored, but multiplicity is explicitly significant. Therefore, multisets {1,2,3} and {2,1,3} are equivalent, but {1,1,2,3} and {1,2,3} ...

Suppose for every point x in a manifold M, an inner product <·,·>_x is defined on a tangent space T_xM of M at x. Then the collection of all these inner products is called ...