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The biconnected graph theta_0 on seven nodes and seven edges illustrated above. It has chromatic polynomial pi_(theta_0)(z)=z^7-8z^6+28z^5-56z^4+68z^3-47z^2+14z and chromatic ...

The number of binary bits necessary to represent a number, given explicitly by BL(n) = 1+|_lgn_| (1) = [lg(n+1)], (2) where [x] is the ceiling function, |_x_| is the floor ...

The following conditions are equivalent for a conservative vector field on a particular domain D: 1. For any oriented simple closed curve C, the line integral ∮_CF·ds=0. 2. ...

For an atomic integral domain R (i.e., one in which every nonzero nonunit can be factored as a product of irreducible elements) with I(R) the set of irreducible elements, the ...

A stochastic matrix, also called a probability matrix, probability transition matrix, transition matrix, substitution matrix, or Markov matrix, is matrix used to characterize ...

A sum is the result of an addition. For example, adding 1, 2, 3, and 4 gives the sum 10, written 1+2+3+4=10. (1) The numbers being summed are called addends, or sometimes ...

A type of sale in which members of a group of buyers offer ever increasing amounts. The bidder making the last bid (for which no higher bid is subsequently made within a ...

A gadget defined for complex vector bundles. The Chern classes of a complex manifold are the Chern classes of its tangent bundle. The ith Chern class is an obstruction to the ...

A subset tau in S_n of a permutation {1,...,n} is said to contain alpha in S_k if there exist 1<=i_1<...<i_k<=n such that tau=(tau_i,...,tau_k) is order isomorphic to ...

A decomposition of a module into a direct sum of submodules. The index set for the collection of submodules is then called the grading set. Graded modules arise naturally in ...