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In nonstandard analysis, the limitation to first-order analysis can be avoided by using a construction known as a superstructure. Superstructures are constructed in the ...

For a plane curve, the tangential angle phi is defined by rhodphi=ds, (1) where s is the arc length and rho is the radius of curvature. The tangential angle is therefore ...

The tangram is a combination of plane polygonal pieces such that the edges of the polygons are coincident. There are 13 convex tangrams (where a "convex tangram" is a set of ...

A dissection fallacy discovered by Dudeney (1958). The same set of tangram pieces can apparently produce two different figures, one of which is a proper subset of the other. ...

Let (L,<=) be any complete lattice. Suppose f:L->L is monotone increasing (or isotone), i.e., for all x,y in L, x<=y implies f(x)<=f(y). Then the set of all fixed points of f ...

Given a circular table of diameter 9 feet, which is the minimal number of planks (each 1 foot wide and length greater than 9 feet) needed in order to completely cover the ...

The tau conjecture, also known as Ramanujan's hypothesis after its proposer, states that tau(n)∼O(n^(11/2+epsilon)), where tau(n) is the tau function. This was proven by ...

tau(n) is prime for n=63001, 458329, 942841, 966289, 1510441, ... (OEIS A135430). These values are also known as Lehmer-Ramanujan numbers or LR numbers since the first of ...

An extended form of Bürmann's theorem. Let f(z) be a function of z analytic in a ring-shaped region A, bounded by another curve C and an inner curve c. Let theta(z) be a ...

Any nontrivial, closed, simple, smooth spherical curve dividing the surface of a sphere into two parts of equal areas has at least four inflection points.