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Define the "information function" to be I=-sum_(i=1)^NP_i(epsilon)ln[P_i(epsilon)], (1) where P_i(epsilon) is the natural measure, or probability that element i is populated, ...

Integration under the integral sign is the use of the identity int_a^bdxint_(alpha_0)^alphaf(x,alpha)dalpha=int_(alpha_0)^alphadalphaint_a^bf(x,alpha)dx (1) to compute an ...

The inverse function of the Gudermannian y=gd^(-1)phi gives the vertical position y in the Mercator projection in terms of the latitude phi and may be defined for 0<=x<pi/2 ...

The inverse haversine function hav^(-1)(z) is defined by hav^(-1)(z)=2sin^(-1)(sqrt(z)). (1) The inverse haversine is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

Jenny's constant is the name given (Munroe 2012) to the positive real constant defined by J = (7^(e-1/e)-9)pi^2 (1) = 867.53090198... (2) (OEIS A182369), the first few digits ...

Jessen's orthogonal icosahedron is a concave shaky polyhedron constructed by replacing six pairs of adjacent triangles in an icosahedron (whose edges form a skew ...

Since each triplet of Yff circles are congruent and pass through a single point, they obey Johnson's theorem. As a result, in each case, there is a fourth circle congruent to ...

A curve also known as Gutschoven's curve which was first studied by G. van Gutschoven around 1662 (MacTutor Archive). It was also studied by Newton and, some years later, by ...

The complex second-order ordinary differential equation x^2y^('')+xy^'-(ix^2+nu^2)y=0 (1) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 379; Zwillinger 1997, p. 123), whose solutions can ...

Kelvin defined the Kelvin functions bei and ber according to ber_nu(x)+ibei_nu(x) = J_nu(xe^(3pii/4)) (1) = e^(nupii)J_nu(xe^(-pii/4)), (2) = e^(nupii/2)I_nu(xe^(pii/4)) (3) ...