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A congruence of the form f(x)=g(x) (mod n), where f(x) and g(x) are both integer polynomials. Functional congruences are sometimes also called "identical congruences" (Nagell ...

The functional derivative is a generalization of the usual derivative that arises in the calculus of variations. In a functional derivative, instead of differentiating a ...

A functional differential equation is a differential equation in which the derivative y^'(t) of an unknown function y has a value at t that is related to y as a function of ...

A functional graph is a directed graph in which each vertex has outdegree one, and can therefore be specified by a function mapping {1,...,n} onto itself. Functional graphs ...

A function between categories which maps objects to objects and morphisms to morphisms. Functors exist in both covariant and contravariant types.

Given two univariate polynomials of the same order whose first p coefficients (but not the first p-1) are 0 where the coefficients of the second approach the corresponding ...

The abscissas of the N-point Gaussian quadrature formula are precisely the roots of the orthogonal polynomial for the same interval and weighting function.

A game which permits a draw ("tie") when played properly by both players. Tic-tac-toe, for example, is a futile game.

Let G be a group and S be a set. Then S is called a left G-set if there exists a map phi:G×S->S such that phi(g_1,phi(g_2,s))=phi(g_1g_2,s) for all s in S and all g_1,g_2 in ...

A G-space is a special type of T1-Space. Consider a point x and a homeomorphism of an open neighborhood V of x onto an open set of R^n. Then a space is a G-space if, for any ...