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Formulas obtained from differentiating Newton's forward difference formula, where R_n^'=h^nf^((n+1))(xi)d/(dp)(p; n+1)+h^(n+1)(p; n+1)d/(dx)f^((n+1))(xi), (n; k) is a ...

A type of mathematical result which is considered by most logicians as more natural than the metamathematical incompleteness results first discovered by Gödel. Finite ...

The projective special orthogonal group PSO_n(q) is the group obtained from the special orthogonal group SO_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group. ...

The projective special unitary group PSU_n(q) is the group obtained from the special unitary group SU_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group. ...

An algorithm for determining the order of an elliptic curve E/F_p over the finite field F_p.

Every closed three-manifold with finite fundamental group has a metric of constant positive scalar curvature, and hence is homeomorphic to a quotient S^3/Gamma, where Gamma ...

A group or other algebraic object is said to be Abelian (sometimes written in lower case, i.e., "abelian") if the law of commutativity always holds. The term is named after ...

Let M(X) denote the group of all invertible maps X->X and let G be any group. A homomorphism theta:G->M(X) is called an action of G on X. Therefore, theta satisfies 1. For ...

The cokernel of a group homomorphism f:A-->B of Abelian groups (modules, or abstract vector spaces) is the quotient group (quotient module or quotient space, respectively) ...

The ring of fractions of an integral domain. The field of fractions of the ring of integers Z is the rational field Q, and the field of fractions of the polynomial ring ...