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A class of game in which players move alternately and each player is completely informed of previous moves. Finite, zero-sum, two-player games with perfect information ...

Since (2a)/(a+b)=(2ab)/((a+b)b), (1) it follows that a/((a+b)/2)=((2ab)/(a+b))/b, (2) so a/A=H/b, (3) where A and H are the arithmetic mean and harmonic mean of a and b. This ...

The portion of a surface left when an open disk is removed from it.

The smallest radial distance of an ellipse as measured from a focus. Taking v=0 in the equation of an ellipse r=(a(1-e^2))/(1+ecosv) gives the periapsis distance r_-=a(1-e). ...

The interval (generally, the smallest interval) over which the values of a periodic function recur. Functions may have one or more periods over time and in space.

A characteristic of some systems making a transition to chaos. Doubling is followed by quadrupling, etc. An example of a map displaying period doubling is the logistic map.

A square matrix A such that the matrix power A^(k+1)=A for k a positive integer is called a periodic matrix. If k is the least such integer, then the matrix is said to have ...

The knot move obtained by fixing disk 1 in the figure above and flipping disks 2 and 3.

A permutation cycle is a subset of a permutation whose elements trade places with one another. Permutations cycles are called "orbits" by Comtet (1974, p. 256). For example, ...

The "perp dot product" a^_|_·b for a and b vectors in the plane is a modification of the two-dimensional dot product in which a is replaced by the perpendicular vector ...