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An equation derived by Kronecker: where r(n) is the sum of squares function, zeta(z) is the Riemann zeta function, eta(z) is the Dirichlet eta function, Gamma(z) is the gamma ...

The Griewank function is a function widely used to test the convergence of optimization functions. The Griewank function of order n is defined by ...

A connected labeled graph with n graph edges in which all graph vertices can be labeled with distinct integers (mod n) so that the sums of the pairs of numbers at the ends of ...

There are two important theorems known as Herbrand's theorem. The first arises in ring theory. Let an ideal class be in A if it contains an ideal whose lth power is ...

The Hermite constant is defined for dimension n as the value gamma_n=(sup_(f)min_(x_i)f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n))/([discriminant(f)]^(1/n)) (1) (Le Lionnais 1983). In other words, ...

A k×m×n hexagonal grid graph is a graph of adjoined hexagons consisting of k hexagons along the horizontal triangular axis, m along the northeast axis, and n along the ...

A univariate distribution proportional to the F-distribution. If the vector d is Gaussian multivariate-distributed with zero mean and unit covariance matrix N_p(0,I) and M is ...

A hyperbolic fixed point of a differential equation is a fixed point for which the stability matrix has eigenvalues lambda_1<0<lambda_2, also called a saddle point. A ...

The extension of a, an ideal in commutative ring A, in a ring B, is the ideal generated by its image f(a) under a ring homomorphism f. Explicitly, it is any finite sum of the ...

A riffle shuffle, in which the top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and cards are then alternatively interleaved from the left and right hands. Using an ...