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Robertson's apex graph is the 15-vertex graph illustrated above constructed by Neil Robertson as an example of an apex graph that is not YDeltaY-reducible. The graph may be ...

The score function u(theta) is the partial derivativeof the log-likelihood function F(theta)=lnL(theta), where L(theta) is the standard likelihood function. Defining the ...

A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

Suppose that A and B are two algebras and M is a unital A-B-bimodule. Then [A M; 0 B]={[a m; 0 b]:a in A,m in M,b in B} with the usual 2×2 matrix-like addition and ...

A unique factorization domain, called UFD for short, is any integral domain in which every nonzero noninvertible element has a unique factorization, i.e., an essentially ...

An expression is called "well-defined" (or "unambiguous") if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value. Otherwise, the expression is said to not be ...

An equilibrium minimal surface for a crystal or drop which has the least anisotropic surface free energy for a given volume. It is the anisotropic analog of a sphere. In the ...

A triangle with rows containing the numbers {1,2,...,n} that begins with 1, ends with n, and such that the sum of each two consecutive entries being a prime. Rows 2 to 6 are ...

A prime p is called a Wolstenholme prime if the central binomial coefficient (2p; p)=2 (mod p^4), (1) or equivalently if B_(p-3)=0 (mod p), (2) where B_n is the nth Bernoulli ...

Let Xi be the xi-function defined by Xi(iz)=1/2(z^2-1/4)pi^(-z/2-1/4)Gamma(1/2z+1/4)zeta(z+1/2). (1) Xi(z/2)/8 can be viewed as the Fourier transform of the signal ...