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Polynomials O_n(x) that can be defined by the sum O_n(x)=1/4sum_(k=0)^(|_n/2_|)(n(n-k-1)!)/(k!)(1/2x)^(2k-n-1) (1) for n>=1, where |_x_| is the floor function. They obey the ...

A geometric construction, also called a verging construction, which allows the classical geometric construction rules to be bent in order to permit sliding of a marked ruler. ...

The functions theta_s(u) = (H(u))/(H^'(0)) (1) theta_d(u) = (Theta(u+K))/(Theta(k)) (2) theta_c(u) = (H(u))/(H(K)) (3) theta_n(u) = (Theta(u))/(Theta(0)), (4) where H(u) and ...

A paradox in decision theory. Given two boxes, B1 which contains $1000 and B2 which contains either nothing or a million dollars, you may pick either B2 or both. However, at ...

Samuel Pepys wrote Isaac Newton a long letter asking him to determine the probabilities for a set of dice rolls related to a wager he planned to make. Pepys asked which was ...

Let pi_n(x)=product_(k=0)^n(x-x_k), (1) then f(x)=f_0+sum_(k=1)^npi_(k-1)(x)[x_0,x_1,...,x_k]+R_n, (2) where [x_1,...] is a divided difference, and the remainder is ...

A generalization of the polylogarithm function defined by S_(n,p)(z)=((-1)^(n+p-1))/((n-1)!p!)int_0^1((lnt)^(n-1)[ln(1-zt)]^p)/tdt. The function reduces to the usual ...

Nielsen's spiral, also called the sici spiral (von Seggern 1993) is the spiral with parametric equations x(t) = aci(t) (1) y(t) = asi(t), (2) where ci(t) is the cosine ...

A Lie algebra is nilpotent when its Lie algebra lower central series g_k vanishes for some k. Any nilpotent Lie algebra is also solvable. The basic example of a nilpotent Lie ...

A diagram lemma also known as 3×3 lemma. According to its most general statement, the commutative diagram illustrated above with exact rows and columns can be completed by ...