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A member of a collection of sets is said to be maximal if it cannot be expanded to another member by addition of any element. Maximal sets are important in graph theory since ...

Given a collection of sets, a member set that is not a proper subset of another member set is called a minimal set. Minimal sets are important in graph theory, since many ...

A continuous homomorphism of a group into the nonzero complex numbers. A multiplicative character omega gives a group representation on the one-dimensional space C of complex ...

A negative integer is one of the integers ..., -4, -3, -2, -1 obtained by negating the positive integers. The negative integers are commonly denoted Z^-.

A quantity which is either 0 (zero) or negative, i.e., <=0.

Polypons are polyforms obtained from dividing a regular triangular grid into 30-30-120 triangles, illustrated above. The numbers of polypons with n=1, 2, ... components are ...

A quantity x>0, which may be written with an explicit plus sign for emphasis, +x.

Each prime factor p_i^(alpha_i) in an integer's prime factorization is called a primary.

An irreducible algebraic integer which has the property that, if it divides the product of two algebraic integers, then it divides at least one of the factors. 1 and -1 are ...

1 and -1 are the only integers which divide every integer. They are therefore called the prime units.