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The division of two complex numbers can be accomplished by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator, for example, with z_1=a+bi ...

A connected dominating set in a connected graph G is a dominating set in G whose vertices induce a connected subgraph, i.e., one in which there is no dominating vertex not ...

An algorithm for computing an Egyptian fraction, called the Farey sequence method by Bleicher (1972).

A reciprocity theorem for the case n=3 solved by Gauss using "integers" of the form a+brho, when rho is a root of x^2+x+1=0 (i.e., rho equals -(-1)^(1/3) or (-1)^(2/3)) and ...

If there is an integer x such that x^3=q (mod p), then q is said to be a cubic residue (mod p). If not, q is said to be a cubic nonresidue (mod p).

Let s_b(n) be the sum of the base-b digits of n, and epsilon(n)=(-1)^(s_2(n)) the Thue-Morse sequence, then product_(n=0)^infty((2n+1)/(2n+2))^(epsilon(n))=1/2sqrt(2).

A system of congruences a_i mod n_i with 1<=i<=k is called a complete residue system (or covering system) if every integer y satisfies y=a_i (mod n) for at least one value of ...

The field of rationals is the set of rational numbers, which form a field. This field is commonly denoted Q (doublestruck Q).

The field of reals is the set of real numbers, which form a field. This field is commonly denoted R (doublestruck R).

Almost all natural numbers are very, very, very large (Steinbach 1990, p. 111).