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Two subspaces S_1 and S_2 of R^n are said to be orthogonal if the dot product v_1·v_2=0 for all vectors v_1 in S_1 and all v_2 in S_2.

A function that exhibits oscillation (i.e., slope changes) is said to be oscillating, or sometimes oscillatory.

The term "over" is commonly used in mathematical exposition as a synonym for "in the domain of." So, for example, "Let f be a function over the reals" means "Let f be a ...

Two vectors u and v are parallel if their cross product is zero, i.e., uxv=0.

A heptomino in the shape of the Greek character pi.

A braid in which strands are intertwined in the center and are free in "handles" on either side of the diagram.

The product of any number of perspectivities.

((a+b)/2)^2-((a-b)/2)^2=ab.

A group of five elements, also called a quintuple or pentad.

An (n-2)-dimensional face of an n-dimensional polytope.