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The Machin-like formula 1/4pi=cot^(-1)(2)+cot^(-1)(3). The other 2-term Machin-like formulas are Hermann's formula, hutton's formula, and Machin's formula.

L=sigma/(sigma_B), where sigma is the variance in a set of s Lexis trials and sigma_B is the variance assuming Bernoulli trials. If L<1, the trials are said to be subnormal, ...

A technically defined group characterizing a system of linear differential equations y_j^'=sum_(k=1)^na_(jk)(x)y_k for j=1, ..., n, where a_(jk) are complex analytic ...

A square matrix A such that the matrix power A^(k+1)=A for k a positive integer is called a periodic matrix. If k is the least such integer, then the matrix is said to have ...

The partial differential equation (1+u_y^2)u_(xx)-2u_xu_yu_(xy)+(1+u_x^2)u_(yy)=0 (correcting a typo in Zwillinger 1997, p. 134).

R(X_1,...X_n)=sum_(i=1)^nH(X_i)-H(X_1,...,X_n), where H(x_i) is the entropy and H(X_1,...,X_n) is the joint entropy. Linear redundancy is defined as ...

Given a function f specified by parametric variables u_1, ..., u_n, a reparameterization f^^ of f over domain U is a change of variables u_i in U->v_i->V via a function phi ...

where R[mu+nu-lambda+1]>0, R[lambda]>-1, 0<a<b, J_nu(x) is a Bessel function of the first kind, Gamma(x) is the gamma function, and _2F_1(a,b;c;x) is a hypergeometric ...

A sphere is defined as the set of all points in three-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 that are located at a distance r (the "radius") from a given point (the "center"). Twice ...

A connected graph is graph that is connected in the sense of a topological space, i.e., there is a path from any point to any other point in the graph. A graph that is not ...