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A triangle is a 3-sided polygon sometimes (but not very commonly) called the trigon. Every triangle has three sides and three angles, some of which may be the same. The sides ...

An almost unit is a nonunit in the integral domain of formal power series with a nonzero first coefficient, P=a_1x+a_2x^2+..., where a_1!=0. Under the operation of ...

The term annihilator is used in several different ways in various aspects of mathematics. It is most commonly used to mean the set of all functions satisfying a given set of ...

A closed interval is an interval that includes all of its limit points. If the endpoints of the interval are finite numbers a and b, then the interval {x:a<=x<=b} is denoted ...

A topological space is compact if every open cover of X has a finite subcover. In other words, if X is the union of a family of open sets, there is a finite subfamily whose ...

A function f(x) is said to be concave on an interval [a,b] if, for any points x_1 and x_2 in [a,b], the function -f(x) is convex on that interval (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000).

A function f(x) is said to be constructible if some algorithm F computes it, in binary, within volume O(f(x)), i.e., V_(F(x))=O(f(x)). Here, the volume V_(A(x)) is the ...

If there is an integer x such that x^3=q (mod p), then q is said to be a cubic residue (mod p). If not, q is said to be a cubic nonresidue (mod p).

Exotic cohomology is a cohomology theory that extends index theory to a larger class of manifolds.

A balanced incomplete block design (v, k, lambda, r, b) exists only for b>=v (or, equivalently, r>=k).