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A diamond-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

Calculus of variations can be used to find the curve from a point (x_1,y_1) to a point (x_2,y_2) which, when revolved around the x-axis, yields a surface of smallest surface ...

The natural logarithm of 2 is a transcendental quantity that arises often in decay problems, especially when half-lives are being converted to decay constants. ln2 has ...

A graph is a forbidden minor if its presence as a graph minor of a given graph means it is not a member of some family of graphs. More generally, there may be a family of ...

A group whose group operation is identified with multiplication. As with normal multiplication, the multiplication operation on group elements is either denoted by a raised ...

A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

Consider a string of length 2L plucked at the right end and fixed at the left. The functional form of this configuration is f(x)=x/(2L). (1) The components of the Fourier ...

A number which can be represented both in the form x_0^2-Dy_0^2 and in the form Dx_1^2-y_1^2. This is only possible when the Pell equation x^2-Dy^2=-1 (1) is solvable. Then ...

The evolute of the astroid is a hypocycloid evolute for n=4. Surprisingly, it is another astroid scaled by a factor n/(n-2)=4/2=2 and rotated 1/(2·4)=1/8 of a turn. For an ...

A quartic curve with implicit equation (a^2)/(x^2)-(b^2)/(y^2)=1 (1) or a^2y^2-b^2x^2=x^2y^2 (2) and a,b>0. In parametric form, x = +/-acost (3) y = bcott. (4) The curvature ...