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Number theory is a vast and fascinating field of mathematics, sometimes called "higher arithmetic," consisting of the study of the properties of whole numbers. Primes and ...

Algebraic number theory is the branch of number theory that deals with algebraic numbers. Historically, algebraic number theory developed as a set of tools for solving ...

The ascending chain condition, commonly abbreviated "A.C.C.," for a partially ordered set X requires that all increasing sequences in X become eventually constant. A module M ...

A map projection which is a conformal mapping, i.e., one for which local (infinitesimal) angles on a sphere are mapped to the same angles in the projection. On maps of an ...

A method for numerical solution of a second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')=f(x,y) first expounded by Gauss. It proceeds by introducing a function delta^(-2)f ...

A property that passes from a topological space to every subspace with respect to the relative topology. Examples are first and second countability, metrizability, the ...

Two topological spaces X and Y are homotopy equivalent if there exist continuous maps f:X->Y and g:Y->X, such that the composition f degreesg is homotopic to the identity ...

The mean tangent diameter of a solid, also known as the mean caliper diameter, is the caliper dimension obtained by averaging over all orientations.

cos(20 degrees)cos(40 degrees)cos(80 degrees)=1/8. An identity communicated to Feynman as a child by a boy named Morrie Jacobs (Gleick 1992, p. 47). Feynman remembered this ...

An isoptic curve formed from the locus of tangents meeting at right angles. The orthoptic of a parabola is its conic section directrix. The orthoptic of a central conic was ...