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In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number a is taken b times. The result of a multiplication is called the product of a and b, ...

A normed vector space X=(X,||·||_X) is said to be uniformly convex if for sequences {x_n}={x_n}_(n=1)^infty, {y_n}={y_n}_(n=1)^infty, the assumptions ||x_n||_X<=1, ...

Let f be a finite real-valued function defined on an interval [a,b]. Then at every point in [a,b] except on a set of Lebesgue measure zero, either: 1. There is a finite ...

The evolute of the astroid is a hypocycloid evolute for n=4. Surprisingly, it is another astroid scaled by a factor n/(n-2)=4/2=2 and rotated 1/(2·4)=1/8 of a turn. For an ...

The involute of the astroid is a hypocycloid involute for n=4. Surprisingly, it is another astroid scaled by a factor (n-2)/n=2/4=1/2 and rotated 1/(2·4)=1/8 of a turn. For ...

The evolute of a deltoid x = 1/3[2cost-cos(2t)] (1) y = 1/3[2sint-sin(2t)] (2) is a hypocycloid evolute for n=3 x_e = 2cost-cos(2t) (3) y_e = 2sint+sin(2t), (4) which is ...

The involute of the deltoid x = 1/3[2cost-cos(2t)] (1) y = 1/3[2sint-sin(2t)] (2) is a hypocycloid involute for n=3 x_i = 1/9[2cost-cos(2t)] (3) y_i = 1/9[2sint+sin(2t)], (4) ...

For x(0)=a, x = a/(a-2b)[(a-b)cosphi-bcos((a-b)/bphi)] (1) y = a/(a-2b)[(a-b)sinphi+bsin((a-b)/bphi)]. (2) If a/b=n, then x = 1/(n-2)[(n-1)cosphi-cos[(n-1)phi]a (3) y = ...

The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

The successive overrelaxation method (SOR) is a method of solving a linear system of equations Ax=b derived by extrapolating the Gauss-Seidel method. This extrapolation takes ...