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Also called "Ethiopian multiplication." To multiply two numbers a and b, write a_0=a and b_0=b in two columns. Under a_0, write |_a_0/2_|, where |_x_| is the floor function, ...

The salinon is the figure illustrated above formed from four connected semicircles. The word salinon is Greek for "salt cellar," which the figure resembles. If the radius of ...

A "split" extension G of groups N and F which contains a subgroup F^_ isomorphic to F with G=F^_N^_ and F^_ intersection N^_={e} (Ito 1987, p. 710). Then the semidirect ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_4=f(x_4). Then Simpson's 3/8 rule ...

A sparse matrix is a matrix that allows special techniques to take advantage of the large number of "background" (commonly zero) elements. The number of zeros a matrix needs ...

One of the three standard tori given by the parametric equations x = (c+acosv)cosu (1) y = (c+acosv)sinu (2) z = asinv (3) with c<a. The exterior surface is called an apple ...

The square gyrobicupola is a convex equilateral solid that is Johnson solid J_(29). The unit square gyrobicupola has volume V=2+4/3sqrt(2) (1) and Dehn invariant D = 24<3>_2 ...

Given n points, find the line segments with the shortest possible total length which connect the points. The segments need not necessarily be straight from one point to ...

A stereohedron is a convex polyhedron that is isohedrally space-filling, meaning the symmetries of a tiling of copies of a stereohedron take any copy to any other copy. The ...

Let L be a language of the first-order logic. Assume that the language L has the following sets of nonlogical symbols: 1. C is the set of constant symbols of L. (These are ...